The Adductor Squeeze Test is a simple test that you can use to decide if you have a Groin Strain / Adductor Strain. It is very easy to carry out the test. It is easy to evaluate the results of the test. Click and watch the video below:

If you do not have a football then you could use a folded bath towel or use two fists placed side by side between your knees.

Adductor Squeeze Test Results

Positive Adductor Squeeze Test

If ANY of the 3 positions produces pain in your groin area then the test is positive.

What muscles does the Adductor Squeeze Test stress

The muscles tested are shown in the diagram opposite.


They are numbered in the diagram

1. Pectineus Muscle which runs from high on the front of the pelvis and attaches to the upper Femur
2. Adductor Longus Muscle has a cord like tendon which is easily felt in the upper groin. It attaches to the upper third of the Femur.
3. Gracilis is long and thin and attaches quite high on the front of the pelvis also. It runs down the inner thigh and attaches below the knee to the inner aspect of the Tibia. It is the only Adductor to cross the knee joint.
4. Adductor Magnus is the largest of the Adductor muscles. It is attached quite far back on the underside of the pelvis near to the attachment of your Hamstring muscles. It has almost 3 separate parts to the muscle. A set of fibres which run almost horizontally at the top of the Femur. Then there is a massive ‘fan’ of fibres whcih are attached all the way down the back of the Femur. Lastly there is a collection of fibres which run vertically much like Gracilis, but these fibres attach just above the inner aspect of the knee.
5. Adductor Brevis lies deep to the Adductor Longus and Pectineus Muscles

For more detailed information see Adductor Strain Anatomy
and Adductor Strain

Adductor Strains affect any of the five Adductor Muscles.
These are Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Pectineus and Gracilis Muscles.
For more detailed information see Adductor Strain Anatomy
Most commonly affected are the

1. Adductor Longus (2 in the diagram)
2. Gracilis (3 in the diagram)
3. Vertical fibres of Adductor Magnus (4)

Less often injured are

4. Adductor Brevis (5)
5. Pectineus (1)
6. Horizontal and oblique fibres of Adductor Magnus which are attached all the way down the femur

An Adductor Strain (groin strain) is a strain or tear to any of these muscles.
These strains are graded

• Grade 1 which affects less than 5-10% of the muscle fibres
• Grade 2 affecting more fibres than Grade 1 but not a complete tear
• Grade 3 affects all the fibres resulting in a complete tear.

Signs and Symptoms of an Adductor Strain

Grade 1 Adductor Strain

mild pain or discomfort in the inner thigh area. This may be noticed at the time or sometimes it is not until after exercise stops that you feel the pain here. Generally the adductor muscles will be tight or will feel tight.
It might be that there is an area in the Adductor muscle which is painful on palpation (to touch firmly). You will feel uncomfortable or painful when running fast or changing direction. Generally walking is fine apart from first thing in the morning or getting up from a chair after sitting about for a while. There will be mild pain with the Adductor Squeeze Test – see Video

Grade 2 Adductor Strain

You generally feel a sharp sudden pain in the groin muscles while exercising.
You may get some bruising or swelling generally after a day or so.
There will be some tightening of the Adductors either immediately or the next day post injury.
Pain on the Adductor Squeeze Test (see Video) and probably some weakness.
Walking will be painful and you will almost certainly have a limp and won’t be able to run properly.
There will be pain on stretching the muscle.

Grade 3 Adductor Strain

Sudden sharp pain in the groin while exercising.
Significant pain and / or weakness on the Adductor Squeeze Test.
Substantial swelling and bruising on the inner thigh within 24 hours.
Stretching the Adductor muscles will be painful (generally).
On palpation (firm touching) you may be able to feel a lump or gap in the muscle.
You won’t be able to run at all.
Walking and getting out a chair etc will be difficult.

Adductor Muscle Group

There a FIVE muscles in the Adductor Group
1 – Pectineus
2 – Adductor Longus
3 – Gracilis
4 – Adductor Magnus
5 – Adductor Brevis muscle is deeper and therefore hidden in this diagram.

These muscles are all attached at the top to the Pelvis and below four of them to the Femur (Thigh Bone) with Gracilis attached to the Tibia on the inside of the knee.
With these attachments the Adductor Group help to control movements of the thigh away from the mid-line and also help to stabilise the hip and leg in one-legged standing or running.

Adductor Strain

An Adductor Strain is damage to one of the Adductor Muscle Group.
The most commonly damged muscles are the

• Adductor Longus – No. 2 in the diagram
• Gracilis – No. 3
• Vertical Fibres of Adductor Magnus – No.4

The large fan shaped part of Adductor Magnus along with Pectineus and Adductor Brevis are ‘greyed out’ in the diagram for emphasis.
The Gracilis and Adductor Longus are both attached to the front of the Pubis and lie very superficially just below the skin.
The vertical fibres of Adductor Magnus are attached to the Ischial Tuberosity towards the back of the pelvis (where the Hamstrings originate).
The Adductor Magnus lies much deeper and is more difficult to feel.

Adductor Strains are injuries to the Adductor muscles – I will deal with injuries to the Adductor Tendons in a separate post.

A strain to a muscle can be considered as Grades 1 to 3

GRADE ONE STRAIN – is damage to a few of the small fibres only – less than 5%
GRADE TWO STRAIN – is damage to many more fibres but there is not a complete tear of the muscle
GRADE THREE STRAIN – is a complete rupture of the muscle

Adductor Strain Causes

As explained above these muscles help to stabilise the hip and thigh when you are running.
That means that at every step you take these muscles are subjected to forces in several planes at once.
Front to Back or Flexion / Extension in the Sagittal plane (Red)
Side to Side or Abduction / Adduction in the Coronal plane (Blue)
Rotations – Medial or Lateral in the Transverse plane (Green)
AND most Importantly – ANY COMBINATION of these!!

Overuse Adductor Strain

The Adductors are actively controlling Abduction and Lateral Rotation forces acting on the thigh.
This can happen up to 80-90 times on each leg per minute. Strenuous training, running or playing can put significant strain on the Adductors.
If the recovery between workouts does not allow adequate repair, fibres in the Adductor muscles may break down and become injured.
So you can see why overuse is a common cause of Adductor Strain.

Poor Warm-Up

A good warm-up serves many purposes. It increases blood flow through the muscles, increases body temperature, increases flexibility and most importantly prepares the nervous system to control the muscles in an optimal way. If the warm-up is poor especially before strenuous activities, then the adductor muscles are not sufficiently ‘switched on’ or loose enough to cope with the sudden increase in stresses. This inevitably leads to sub-optimal use of the muscles and increased strain leading to injury.

Sudden, Unexpected Strain

Sudden change in speed, stretching the leg out for the ball or in a tackle, landing awkwardly from a jump, sprinting, sudden change in direction or getting knocked off balance while running quickly can all cause a sudden or unexpected stress to the
Adductor muscles. This greater than expected forces can cause injury to the Adductors.

Outside Forces Acting on the Adductors

Unexpected contact with an opponent in the tackle situation in football or any other ball sport, catching your foot in a divot, slipping on the surface while changing direction or hitting an object with the leg eg goalpost or ski gate. Any of these type of external forces when applied to the leg and pulling it away from the mid-line will cause a sharp and possibly injurious strain to the Adductors.

See Next Article Adductor Strain – Signs and Symptoms

Where are the Groin / Adductor Muscles?

The Adductor Muscle Group which when injured produce a groin strain are found in the upper inner thigh.
In this diagram of the front of the Right Thigh you can see the Adductor Muscles numbered on the inner side of the thigh.


There are FIVE muscles in the Adductor Muscle Group
1 – Pectineus
2 – Adductor Longus
3 – Gracilis
4 – Adductor Magnus
5 – Adductor Brevis muscle is deeper and therefore hidden in this diagram.

Pelvic Attachments of Adductor Muscles

Each side of the Pelvis is formed from 3 bones which are fused together.
These bones are the Pubis, the Ischium and the Ilium.


All the Adductor Muscles attach to the front of the pelvis.
1 – Pectineus – high on the Pubis bone
2 – Adductor Longus from a rounded tendon high on the front of the pubis
3 – Gracilis from a long thin attachment on the body and inferior ramus of the Pubis and the ramus of the Ischium
4 – Adductor Magnus arises from part of the Pubic ramus and Ischeal ramus and tuberosity
5 – Adductor Brevis muscle lies posterior to Adductor Longus and Pectineus .

Femur Attachments of Adductor Muscles

All the Adductor Muscles apart from Gracilis attach to the back of the Femur (thigh bone).
1 – Pectineus – high up near the top of the shaft of the Femur
2 – Adductor Longus attaches to the middle third of the Femur below Adductor Brevis
3 – Gracilis does not attach to the Femur but actually crosses the inside of the knee joint to attach to the upper Tibia
4 – Adductor Magnus is a massive muscle which is attached all the way down the back of the Femur
5 – Adductor Brevis muscle attaches to the upper third of the Femur above Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus has an upper part in which the muscle fibres run horizontally and can be known as the Adductor Minimus.
This part of the muscle lies behind the Pectineus and is shown in the diagram by the red dotted line just below the number 1.
It also has a medial part whose fibres run almost vertically downwards. This bulky part of the muscle ends in a tendon which attaches to the Adductor Tubercle on the medial condyle of the Femur just above the knee.

The Adductor Brevis muscle lies deep to Adductor Longus and Pectineus muscle.
These parts of the muscle are shown in the diagram by the purple dotted lines.

Most groin pain from Adductor Muscle Strains affects the upper attachments of the Adductor Longus and Gracilis muscles.
Now you have an understanding of where the Adductor Muscles lie and where they attach to the pelvis and the Femur.
You are probably surprised at the size and extent of the Adductor muscles.